Allocation of Funds for Long Term Orthodontic Care

Allocation of Funds for Long Term Orthodontic Care

Here's the article outline for 'Understanding Common Fee Structures in Orthodontics' focusing on orthodontic treatment for kids:

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Navigating the Financial Landscape of Long-Term Orthodontic Care for Children


Orthodontic treatment can be a significant financial commitment for families, often spanning several years and requiring careful financial planning. Understanding how to effectively allocate funds for your child's dental health is crucial in managing this important investment.


Most parents recognize that orthodontic care isn't just about aesthetics, but about long-term dental health and potentially preventing more complex issues later in life. Some children may need space maintainers to prevent crowding Braces for kids and teens patient. The key is to start planning early and explore multiple financial strategies.


Insurance can play a critical role in managing orthodontic expenses. Many dental insurance plans offer partial coverage for pediatric orthodontic treatment, typically covering 25-50% of total costs. However, it's essential to carefully review specific policy details and understand waiting periods and coverage limits.


Flexible spending accounts (FSAs) and health savings accounts (HSAs) provide another valuable avenue for managing these expenses. These accounts allow families to set aside pre-tax dollars specifically for medical treatments, effectively reducing the overall financial burden.


Some orthodontic practices now offer payment plans and financing options that can spread costs over months or years. These arrangements can make treatment more accessible by breaking down the total expense into manageable monthly payments.


Additionally, some families choose to start saving early, treating orthodontic care as a planned expense similar to education funds. By setting aside a small amount monthly, parents can build a dedicated orthodontic treatment fund.


Ultimately, proactive financial planning, understanding available resources, and exploring multiple payment strategies can help families manage the costs of long-term orthodontic care effectively.

When it comes to planning for orthodontic care for children, understanding the financial landscape can be both crucial and overwhelming for parents. The cost of comprehensive orthodontic treatment typically ranges from $3,000 to $7,500, depending on several key factors that can influence the overall expense.


The complexity of a child's dental misalignment plays a significant role in determining the final price tag. Simple cases might lean towards the lower end of the spectrum, while more complex corrections involving significant bite issues or severe crowding can push costs closer to the higher range. Additionally, the type of orthodontic solution matters - traditional metal braces tend to be more affordable, while ceramic or invisible aligners can increase the investment.


Geographic location is another important consideration. Urban areas and regions with a higher cost of living often see higher orthodontic treatment prices compared to more rural locations. The experience and reputation of the orthodontist can also impact pricing, with top specialists potentially charging premium rates.


Many parents find relief through flexible payment plans offered by orthodontic practices. Some offices provide monthly payment options that can make the expense more manageable, spreading the cost over the duration of treatment. Dental insurance can also help, with many plans covering a portion of orthodontic care for children.


It's wise for parents to schedule consultations with multiple orthodontists to compare pricing, treatment approaches, and payment options. Some practices offer free initial consultations, which can be an excellent way to gather information and understand the potential investment required for a child's dental health.


Ultimately, while the cost might seem daunting, investing in orthodontic treatment can provide long-term benefits for a child's oral health, self-confidence, and overall well-being. Careful planning and research can help families navigate this important healthcare decision.

Insurance Coverage and Impact on Orthodontic Expenses

When considering the long-term expenses associated with orthodontic care, several critical factors come into play that can significantly impact the overall financial commitment. Understanding these elements can help patients and families better prepare for the financial journey of achieving a perfect smile.


First and foremost, the complexity of an individual's dental misalignment plays a crucial role in determining treatment costs. More severe orthodontic issues, such as significant crowding, severe overbites, or complex jaw misalignments, typically require more extensive and prolonged treatment. This means more frequent appointments, potentially more advanced treatment methods, and ultimately, higher overall expenses.


The type of orthodontic treatment selected is another major cost determinant. Traditional metal braces tend to be less expensive, while more aesthetic options like ceramic braces or clear aligners like Invisalign can substantially increase the financial investment. Each option comes with its own price point and treatment duration, directly influencing the total expense.


Patient age is also a significant factor. Younger patients often experience more straightforward treatments, potentially reducing long-term costs. Adult orthodontic care can be more complex and may require additional preparatory treatments, which can drive up the overall expense.


Geographic location surprisingly impacts orthodontic care costs as well. Urban areas with higher living expenses typically see higher orthodontic treatment prices compared to rural regions. Local market competition, overhead costs, and regional economic factors all contribute to these price variations.


Insurance coverage and available financing options can dramatically affect out-of-pocket expenses. Some dental insurance plans offer partial orthodontic coverage, while others might provide more comprehensive support. Many orthodontic practices now offer flexible payment plans, making long-term care more accessible.


Additional treatments like tooth extractions, jaw alignments, or addressing underlying dental health issues can unexpectedly increase total expenses. These supplementary procedures are sometimes necessary to achieve optimal results and must be factored into the overall financial planning.


Lastly, the duration of treatment plays a critical role. Longer treatment periods naturally translate to more appointments, adjustments, and potential additional interventions, all of which contribute to increased costs.


By carefully considering these factors, patients can develop a more comprehensive understanding of the potential financial commitment involved in long-term orthodontic care, allowing for better financial planning and preparation.

Payment Plan Options for Pediatric Orthodontic Care

Strategic Financial Planning for Long-Term Orthodontic Care: A Parent's Guide


As a parent, navigating the world of orthodontic treatment can feel like walking a financial tightrope. Braces and other orthodontic interventions are significant investments that require careful planning and strategic financial management.


The journey typically begins with understanding the full scope of potential costs. Orthodontic treatment isn't just a one-time expense; it's a multi-year commitment that can range from $3,000 to $8,000 depending on the complexity of the case and your geographic location. Smart parents start preparing early, ideally when children are still young.


One of the most effective strategies is to start a dedicated savings fund specifically for orthodontic expenses. Consider setting up a separate savings account or exploring flexible spending accounts (FSAs) that can provide tax advantages. Some parents even begin setting aside funds during their child's early years, anticipating potential future dental needs.


Insurance coverage varies widely, so thoroughly investigate your dental insurance options. Some plans offer partial orthodontic coverage, which can significantly reduce out-of-pocket expenses. Additionally, many orthodontists offer payment plans that can help spread the financial burden over several months or years.


Another practical approach is to research multiple orthodontic providers. Consultation fees are often free, and getting multiple opinions can help you understand treatment options and associated costs. Some practices offer sibling discounts or comprehensive treatment packages that can provide additional financial relief.


Timing is also crucial. Some orthodontists recommend early intervention, which might prevent more extensive treatments later. While this might seem counterintuitive from a financial perspective, it could potentially save money in the long run by addressing issues before they become more complex.


Ultimately, strategic financial planning for orthodontic care requires foresight, research, and proactive saving. By starting early, exploring all available options, and maintaining open communication with healthcare providers, parents can manage these significant expenses more effectively.


The goal isn't just about managing costs, but ensuring your child receives the best possible dental care without creating undue financial stress for the family.

Factors Influencing Orthodontic Treatment Costs

Navigating Insurance Coverage for Pediatric Orthodontic Care


When it comes to long-term orthodontic care for children, understanding insurance coverage can feel like solving a complex puzzle. Most parents quickly realize that dental insurance doesn't always provide comprehensive support for orthodontic treatments, which can be surprisingly expensive.


Typically, dental insurance plans offer limited orthodontic coverage, often with specific age restrictions and lifetime maximum benefits. Many policies will cover around 50% of orthodontic expenses, but only up to a predetermined lifetime maximum - usually between $1,000 and $3,000. This might sound substantial, but when comprehensive orthodontic treatment can cost between $3,000 and $8,000, families often find themselves facing significant out-of-pocket expenses.


Age limitations are another critical factor. Most insurance plans only provide orthodontic benefits for children and teenagers, typically between ages 8 and 18. Some plans require documentation proving medical necessity, such as severe misalignment or bite issues that could impact long-term dental health.


Flexible spending accounts (FSAs) and health savings accounts (HSAs) can be valuable supplemental resources. These accounts allow families to set aside pre-tax dollars specifically for medical and dental expenses, potentially reducing the financial burden of orthodontic care.


Parents should carefully review their specific insurance policy, asking detailed questions about coverage percentages, lifetime maximums, age restrictions, and qualifying conditions. Some employers offer more comprehensive dental plans, so exploring multiple options can help families make informed financial decisions about their child's orthodontic needs.


Ultimately, proactive planning and thorough research are key to managing the financial aspects of pediatric orthodontic care.

Comparing Different Orthodontic Practices and Their Pricing Strategies

Alternative Funding Methods and Potential Cost-Saving Approaches for Long-Term Orthodontic Care


Navigating the financial landscape of orthodontic treatment can be challenging for many families and individuals. Traditional healthcare coverage often falls short when it comes to comprehensive orthodontic care, leaving patients searching for creative solutions to manage these significant expenses.


One promising approach is the emergence of flexible spending accounts (FSAs) and health savings accounts (HSAs). These financial tools allow individuals to set aside pre-tax dollars specifically for medical expenses, including orthodontic treatments. By strategically planning and contributing to these accounts, patients can effectively reduce the out-of-pocket costs associated with long-term orthodontic care.


Another innovative option is exploring dental schools and training clinics. These institutions often provide high-quality orthodontic services at significantly reduced rates. While treatment may take longer and require more frequent visits, the potential cost savings can be substantial. Students under professional supervision perform the procedures, ensuring both affordability and quality care.


Payment plans have also evolved, with many orthodontic practices now offering more flexible financing options. Some clinics provide interest-free monthly payment arrangements, allowing patients to spread the cost of treatment over an extended period. This approach makes expensive procedures more accessible to those who might otherwise be unable to afford them.


Community health programs and nonprofit organizations are increasingly recognizing the importance of dental health. Some local and national initiatives offer grants or subsidized treatment for individuals who meet specific income or medical criteria. Researching these opportunities can uncover unexpected financial support for orthodontic care.


Additionally, some patients are exploring international options, where orthodontic treatments can be significantly less expensive. While this approach requires careful research and consideration, medical tourism has become a viable alternative for those willing to travel.


Ultimately, the key to managing orthodontic care costs lies in proactive planning, research, and a willingness to explore non-traditional funding methods. By combining multiple strategies and thinking creatively, patients can make long-term orthodontic treatment more financially feasible.


As healthcare continues to evolve, we can expect more innovative solutions to emerge, making essential treatments more accessible and affordable for everyone.

Additional Fees and Potential Hidden Expenses in Orthodontic Treatment

Long-Term Financial Benefits of Early Orthodontic Intervention


When parents consider orthodontic treatment for their children, the immediate cost often seems daunting. However, investing in early orthodontic intervention can actually result in significant long-term financial advantages that many families overlook.


Early orthodontic treatment, typically recommended between ages 7-10, allows dentists to identify and address potential alignment issues before they become more complex and expensive problems. By catching misalignments, bite issues, and jaw development concerns early, parents can potentially avoid more invasive and costly treatments later in life.


Consider the financial trajectory of delayed treatment. A minor alignment issue that could be corrected with relatively simple interventions during childhood might require extensive surgical procedures or multiple years of intensive orthodontic work if left untreated. These advanced treatments can cost several times more than early preventative care.


Moreover, early intervention can help prevent secondary dental health complications. Misaligned teeth can lead to uneven wear, increased risk of tooth decay, and potential jaw joint problems. Each of these issues carries its own substantial medical and dental expenses. By addressing these concerns proactively, families can potentially save thousands of dollars in future medical treatments.


Insurance coverage and flexible payment plans also make early orthodontic care more accessible. Many dental insurance plans recognize the long-term cost-effectiveness of preventative orthodontic treatment and offer more comprehensive coverage for younger patients.


Ultimately, viewing orthodontic care as a strategic financial investment rather than an immediate expense can help families make more informed decisions about their children's dental health and long-term financial planning.

Navigating the Financial Landscape of Orthodontic Care: A Comparative Approach


Orthodontic treatment represents a significant financial investment for many families and individuals seeking to improve dental alignment and overall oral health. The complexity of financing such care requires a nuanced understanding of various payment plans and strategies that can make this essential medical service more accessible.


Traditional payment methods have typically involved direct out-of-pocket expenses or dental insurance coverage. However, modern approaches have evolved to provide more flexible and patient-friendly financial solutions. Dental practices now offer multiple financing options that can help spread the cost of treatment over extended periods.


One prominent strategy involves in-house payment plans, where orthodontic clinics create customized monthly payment schedules tailored to a patient's financial capacity. These plans often feature low or zero-interest rates, making them an attractive alternative to traditional financing methods. Credit-based healthcare financing companies like CareCredit have also emerged, offering specialized medical credit lines specifically designed for healthcare expenses.


Another innovative approach includes flexible spending accounts (FSAs) and health savings accounts (HSAs), which allow patients to allocate pre-tax dollars toward medical treatments. These accounts can significantly reduce the overall financial burden by providing tax advantages and enabling strategic fund management.


Some orthodontic practices have begun implementing tiered pricing structures and comprehensive treatment packages that bundle initial consultations, diagnostic imaging, and follow-up care into more predictable and manageable financial commitments.


For families and individuals considering long-term orthodontic care, a comprehensive evaluation of these financing strategies is crucial. Comparing interest rates, payment flexibility, potential tax benefits, and overall cost-effectiveness can help patients make informed decisions that align with their financial capabilities and treatment goals.


Ultimately, the key lies in understanding individual financial circumstances and selecting a payment approach that balances medical necessity with fiscal responsibility. By exploring these diverse financing options, patients can transform orthodontic treatment from a daunting expense into a manageable and strategic investment in personal health and well-being.

Crossbite
Unilateral posterior crossbite
Specialty Orthodontics

In dentistry, crossbite is a form of malocclusion where a tooth (or teeth) has a more buccal or lingual position (that is, the tooth is either closer to the cheek or to the tongue) than its corresponding antagonist tooth in the upper or lower dental arch. In other words, crossbite is a lateral misalignment of the dental arches.[1][2]

Anterior crossbite

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Class 1 with anterior crossbite

An anterior crossbite can be referred as negative overjet, and is typical of class III skeletal relations (prognathism).

Primary/mixed dentitions

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An anterior crossbite in a child with baby teeth or mixed dentition may happen due to either dental misalignment or skeletal misalignment. Dental causes may be due to displacement of one or two teeth, where skeletal causes involve either mandibular hyperplasia, maxillary hypoplasia or combination of both.

Dental crossbite

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An anterior crossbite due to dental component involves displacement of either maxillary central or lateral incisors lingual to their original erupting positions. This may happen due to delayed eruption of the primary teeth leading to permanent teeth moving lingual to their primary predecessors. This will lead to anterior crossbite where upon biting, upper teeth are behind the lower front teeth and may involve few or all frontal incisors. In this type of crossbite, the maxillary and mandibular proportions are normal to each other and to the cranial base. Another reason that may lead to a dental crossbite is crowding in the maxillary arch. Permanent teeth will tend to erupt lingual to the primary teeth in presence of crowding. Side-effects caused by dental crossbite can be increased recession on the buccal of lower incisors and higher chance of inflammation in the same area. Another term for an anterior crossbite due to dental interferences is Pseudo Class III Crossbite or Malocclusion.

Single tooth crossbite

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Single tooth crossbites can occur due to uneruption of a primary teeth in a timely manner which causes permanent tooth to erupt in a different eruption pattern which is lingual to the primary tooth.[3] Single tooth crossbites are often fixed by using a finger-spring based appliances.[4][5] This type of spring can be attached to a removable appliance which is used by patient every day to correct the tooth position.

Skeletal crossbite

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An anterior crossbite due to skeletal reasons will involve a deficient maxilla and a more hyperplastic or overgrown mandible. People with this type of crossbite will have dental compensation which involves proclined maxillary incisors and retroclined mandibular incisors. A proper diagnosis can be made by having a person bite into their centric relation will show mandibular incisors ahead of the maxillary incisors, which will show the skeletal discrepancy between the two jaws.[6]

Posterior crossbite

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Bjork defined posterior crossbite as a malocclusion where the buccal cusps of canine, premolar and molar of upper teeth occlude lingually to the buccal cusps of canine, premolar and molar of lower teeth.[7] Posterior crossbite is often correlated to a narrow maxilla and upper dental arch. A posterior crossbite can be unilateral, bilateral, single-tooth or entire segment crossbite. Posterior crossbite has been reported to occur between 7–23% of the population.[8][9] The most common type of posterior crossbite to occur is the unilateral crossbite which occurs in 80% to 97% of the posterior crossbite cases.[10][3] Posterior crossbites also occur most commonly in primary and mixed dentition. This type of crossbite usually presents with a functional shift of the mandible towards the side of the crossbite. Posterior crossbite can occur due to either skeletal, dental or functional abnormalities. One of the common reasons for development of posterior crossbite is the size difference between maxilla and mandible, where maxilla is smaller than mandible.[11] Posterior crossbite can result due to

  • Upper Airway Obstruction where people with "adenoid faces" who have trouble breathing through their nose. They have an open bite malocclusion and present with development of posterior crossbite.[12]
  • Prolong digit or suckling habits which can lead to constriction of maxilla posteriorly[13]
  • Prolong pacifier use (beyond age 4)[13]

Connections with TMD

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Unilateral posterior crossbite

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Unilateral crossbite involves one side of the arch. The most common cause of unilateral crossbite is a narrow maxillary dental arch. This can happen due to habits such as digit sucking, prolonged use of pacifier or upper airway obstruction. Due to the discrepancy between the maxillary and mandibular arch, neuromuscular guidance of the mandible causes mandible to shift towards the side of the crossbite.[14] This is also known as Functional mandibular shift. This shift can become structural if left untreated for a long time during growth, leading to skeletal asymmetries. Unilateral crossbites can present with following features in a child

  • Lower midline deviation[15] to the crossbite side
  • Class 2 Subdivision relationships
  • Temporomandibular disorders [16]

Treatment

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A child with posterior crossbite should be treated immediately if the child shifts their mandible on closing, which is often seen in a unilateral crossbite as mentioned above. The best age to treat a child with crossbite is in their mixed dentition when their palatal sutures have not fused to each other. Palatal expansion allows more space in an arch to relieve crowding and correct posterior crossbite. The correction can include any type of palatal expanders that will expand the palate which resolves the narrow constriction of the maxilla.[9] There are several therapies that can be used to correct a posterior crossbite: braces, 'Z' spring or cantilever spring, quad helix, removable plates, clear aligner therapy, or a Delaire mask. The correct therapy should be decided by the orthodontist depending on the type and severity of the crossbite.

One of the keys in diagnosing the anterior crossbite due to skeletal vs dental causes is diagnosing a CR-CO shift in a patient. An adolescent presenting with anterior crossbite may be positioning their mandible forward into centric occlusion (CO) due to the dental interferences. Thus finding their occlusion in centric relation (CR) is key in diagnosis. For anterior crossbite, if their CO matches their CR then the patient truly has a skeletal component to their crossbite. If the CR shows a less severe class 3 malocclusion or teeth not in anterior crossbite, this may mean that their anterior crossbite results due to dental interferences.[17]

Goal to treat unilateral crossbites should definitely include removal of occlusal interferences and elimination of the functional shift. Treating posterior crossbites early may help prevent the occurrence of Temporomandibular joint pathology.[18]

Unilateral crossbites can also be diagnosed and treated properly by using a Deprogramming splint. This splint has flat occlusal surface which causes the muscles to deprogram themselves and establish new sensory engrams. When the splint is removed, a proper centric relation bite can be diagnosed from the bite.[19]

Self-correction

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Literature states that very few crossbites tend to self-correct which often justify the treatment approach of correcting these bites as early as possible.[9] Only 0–9% of crossbites self-correct. Lindner et al. reported that 50% of crossbites were corrected in 76 four-year-old children.[20]

See also

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  • List of palatal expanders
  • Palatal expansion
  • Malocclusion

References

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  1. ^ "Elsevier: Proffit: Contemporary Orthodontics · Welcome". www.contemporaryorthodontics.com. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  2. ^ Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F (October 2009). "Malocclusion and occlusal traits in an urban Iranian population. An epidemiological study of 11- to 14-year-old children". European Journal of Orthodontics. 31 (5): 477–84. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjp031. PMID 19477970.
  3. ^ a b Kutin, George; Hawes, Roland R. (1969-11-01). "Posterior cross-bites in the deciduous and mixed dentitions". American Journal of Orthodontics. 56 (5): 491–504. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(69)90210-3. PMID 5261162.
  4. ^ Zietsman, S. T.; Visagé, W.; Coetzee, W. J. (2000-11-01). "Palatal finger springs in removable orthodontic appliances--an in vitro study". South African Dental Journal. 55 (11): 621–627. ISSN 1029-4864. PMID 12608226.
  5. ^ Ulusoy, Ayca Tuba; Bodrumlu, Ebru Hazar (2013-01-01). "Management of anterior dental crossbite with removable appliances". Contemporary Clinical Dentistry. 4 (2): 223–226. doi:10.4103/0976-237X.114855. ISSN 0976-237X. PMC 3757887. PMID 24015014.
  6. ^ Al-Hummayani, Fadia M. (2017-03-05). "Pseudo Class III malocclusion". Saudi Medical Journal. 37 (4): 450–456. doi:10.15537/smj.2016.4.13685. ISSN 0379-5284. PMC 4852025. PMID 27052290.
  7. ^ Bjoerk, A.; Krebs, A.; Solow, B. (1964-02-01). "A Method for Epidemiological Registration of Malocculusion". Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 22: 27–41. doi:10.3109/00016356408993963. ISSN 0001-6357. PMID 14158468.
  8. ^ Moyers, Robert E. (1988-01-01). Handbook of orthodontics. Year Book Medical Publishers. ISBN 9780815160038.
  9. ^ a b c Thilander, Birgit; Lennartsson, Bertil (2002-09-01). "A study of children with unilateral posterior crossbite, treated and untreated, in the deciduous dentition--occlusal and skeletal characteristics of significance in predicting the long-term outcome". Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics. 63 (5): 371–383. doi:10.1007/s00056-002-0210-6. ISSN 1434-5293. PMID 12297966. S2CID 21857769.
  10. ^ Thilander, Birgit; Wahlund, Sonja; Lennartsson, Bertil (1984-01-01). "The effect of early interceptive treatment in children with posterior cross-bite". The European Journal of Orthodontics. 6 (1): 25–34. doi:10.1093/ejo/6.1.25. ISSN 0141-5387. PMID 6583062.
  11. ^ Allen, David; Rebellato, Joe; Sheats, Rose; Ceron, Ana M. (2003-10-01). "Skeletal and dental contributions to posterior crossbites". The Angle Orthodontist. 73 (5): 515–524. ISSN 0003-3219. PMID 14580018.
  12. ^ Bresolin, D.; Shapiro, P. A.; Shapiro, G. G.; Chapko, M. K.; Dassel, S. (1983-04-01). "Mouth breathing in allergic children: its relationship to dentofacial development". American Journal of Orthodontics. 83 (4): 334–340. doi:10.1016/0002-9416(83)90229-4. ISSN 0002-9416. PMID 6573147.
  13. ^ a b Ogaard, B.; Larsson, E.; Lindsten, R. (1994-08-01). "The effect of sucking habits, cohort, sex, intercanine arch widths, and breast or bottle feeding on posterior crossbite in Norwegian and Swedish 3-year-old children". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 106 (2): 161–166. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70034-6. ISSN 0889-5406. PMID 8059752.
  14. ^ Piancino, Maria Grazia; Kyrkanides, Stephanos (2016-04-18). Understanding Masticatory Function in Unilateral Crossbites. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118971871.
  15. ^ Brin, Ilana; Ben-Bassat, Yocheved; Blustein, Yoel; Ehrlich, Jacob; Hochman, Nira; Marmary, Yitzhak; Yaffe, Avinoam (1996-02-01). "Skeletal and functional effects of treatment for unilateral posterior crossbite". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 109 (2): 173–179. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(96)70178-6. PMID 8638566.
  16. ^ Pullinger, A. G.; Seligman, D. A.; Gornbein, J. A. (1993-06-01). "A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features". Journal of Dental Research. 72 (6): 968–979. doi:10.1177/00220345930720061301. ISSN 0022-0345. PMID 8496480. S2CID 25351006.
  17. ^ COSTEA, CARMEN MARIA; BADEA, MÎNDRA EUGENIA; VASILACHE, SORIN; MESAROÅž, MICHAELA (2016-01-01). "Effects of CO-CR discrepancy in daily orthodontic treatment planning". Clujul Medical. 89 (2): 279–286. doi:10.15386/cjmed-538. ISSN 1222-2119. PMC 4849388. PMID 27152081.
  18. ^ Kennedy, David B.; Osepchook, Matthew (2005-09-01). "Unilateral posterior crossbite with mandibular shift: a review". Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 71 (8): 569–573. ISSN 1488-2159. PMID 16202196.
  19. ^ Nielsen, H. J.; Bakke, M.; Blixencrone-Møller, T. (1991-12-01). "[Functional and orthodontic treatment of a patient with an open bite craniomandibular disorder]". Tandlaegebladet. 95 (18): 877–881. ISSN 0039-9353. PMID 1817382.
  20. ^ Lindner, A. (1989-10-01). "Longitudinal study on the effect of early interceptive treatment in 4-year-old children with unilateral cross-bite". Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research. 97 (5): 432–438. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01457.x. ISSN 0029-845X. PMID 2617141.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Factors include severity of alignment issues, type of braces, treatment duration, geographic location, and individual orthodontists fees.